Abstract: This study focuses on the urban transportation system by using the ant colony algorithm and Dijkstra's algorithm, aiming to comprehensively analyze the transportation system by combining ...

For ants, the ability to instantly distinguish nestmates from outsiders who might hijack the colony is crucial. Now, a new ...

A colony of leafcutter ants is home to more than just one species. Each year, studies reveal new layers of complexity in ...

Abstract: The electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) is a complex logistical challenge that requires optimizing both route planning and charging decisions. Although ant colony optimization (ACO) has ...